Feed dogs are small, metal teeth located beneath the needle plate of a sewing machine. Their primary function is to move the fabric through the machine as you sew, ensuring even stitching. The feed dogs rise and fall in a coordinated motion, gripping the fabric and pulling it forward with each stitch. These components are essential for various sewing techniques, including straight stitching and zigzag stitching. Adjusting the feed dogs can help achieve different effects, such as gathering fabric or creating decorative stitches. Proper maintenance of the feed dogs is crucial for smooth operation and consistent results in sewing projects.