The Neanderthal is an extinct species of hominid that lived in Europe and parts of Asia around 400,000 to 40,000 years ago. They are closely related to modern humans, sharing about 99.7% of their DNA. Neanderthals were adapted to cold climates, with robust bodies and large noses, which helped them breathe in cold air. Neanderthals are known for their use of tools, hunting skills, and the ability to create fire. They also exhibited signs of social behavior, such as caring for the sick and burying their dead. Their extinction is believed to be due to a combination of climate change and competition with Homo sapiens.