Navigational charts are specialized maps used by mariners and aviators to navigate safely. They provide essential information about water depths, coastlines, hazards, and navigational aids like buoys and lighthouses. These charts are crucial for ensuring safe passage and avoiding obstacles while traveling over water or through the air. There are different types of navigational charts, including nautical charts for marine navigation and aeronautical charts for aviation. Each type is designed to meet the specific needs of its users, incorporating symbols and scales that help in accurately plotting courses and understanding the surrounding environment.