Naval guns are large-caliber artillery pieces mounted on warships, designed to engage surface targets, aircraft, and land-based threats. They vary in size, typically ranging from 5 inches to 16 inches in caliber, and are used for both offensive and defensive operations. These guns can fire various types of ammunition, including high-explosive shells and guided projectiles, allowing for versatility in combat scenarios. The development of naval guns has evolved significantly since their inception, with advancements in technology leading to improved accuracy and range. Modern naval guns often incorporate automated loading systems and advanced targeting systems, enhancing their effectiveness in naval warfare and contributing to the overall firepower of a fleet.