Natural ventilation is the process of using outdoor air to cool and ventilate indoor spaces without relying on mechanical systems. It typically involves the strategic placement of windows, doors, and vents to allow fresh air to flow in while stale air exits. This method can improve indoor air quality and reduce energy consumption. By harnessing natural forces like wind and temperature differences, buildings can maintain comfortable conditions. Techniques such as cross-ventilation and stack ventilation are commonly used. Architects often design buildings with these principles in mind to enhance sustainability and reduce reliance on air conditioning systems.