National Oil Companies (NOCs) are state-owned enterprises responsible for the exploration, production, and management of a country's oil and gas resources. They play a crucial role in the energy sector, often controlling significant reserves and production levels. NOCs can influence global oil markets and contribute to national economies through revenue generation and job creation. These companies vary in size and scope, with some, like Saudi Aramco and Petrobras, being among the largest in the world. NOCs often collaborate with international oil companies (IOCs) to leverage technology and expertise, ensuring efficient resource management and development.