The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), enacted in 1969, is a United States law that requires federal agencies to assess the environmental effects of their proposed actions before making decisions. This process includes preparing detailed reports known as Environmental Assessments (EAs) or Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) to evaluate potential impacts on the environment and public health. NEPA aims to promote informed decision-making and public participation in environmental matters. It ensures that the potential consequences of federal projects, such as construction or land use changes, are considered, helping to protect ecosystems and communities across the country.