A National Census is a systematic process conducted by a government to collect demographic information about its population. This includes data on age, gender, ethnicity, and household size. The information gathered helps in understanding the population's needs and planning for services like education, healthcare, and infrastructure. Censuses are typically conducted every ten years and are crucial for political representation, as they determine the allocation of congressional seats and funding for various programs. Participation is usually mandatory, and the data collected is kept confidential to protect individuals' privacy.