The Nanking Massacre, also known as the Rape of Nanking, occurred during the Second Sino-Japanese War in late 1937 and early 1938. Japanese troops captured the city of Nanking (now Nanjing), the then-capital of China, and committed widespread atrocities against Chinese civilians and disarmed soldiers. Estimates suggest that hundreds of thousands of people were killed, and many women were sexually assaulted. The massacre lasted for several weeks, during which Japanese soldiers engaged in looting, arson, and brutal killings. The event has been documented by various eyewitnesses, including foreign missionaries and diplomats, who established a Nanking Safety Zone to protect civilians. The Nanking Massacre remains a significant and controversial topic in discussions about wartime atrocities and