The Nabateans were an ancient Arab people known for their remarkable trading skills and sophisticated culture. They inhabited the region of Petra, in present-day Jordan, from around the 4th century BCE to the 2nd century CE. The Nabateans controlled key trade routes, facilitating the exchange of goods like spices, silk, and incense between the East and West. Their architectural achievements are notable, particularly the rock-cut structures in Petra, which served as their capital. The Nabateans developed a unique script and were skilled in water conservation, creating intricate systems for irrigation and storage. Their influence declined after the rise of the Roman Empire.