Na2B4O7·5H2O, commonly known as borax, is a white crystalline compound that consists of sodium, boron, oxygen, and water. It is a naturally occurring mineral and is often used in various industrial applications, including glass and ceramics production, as well as in detergents and cosmetics. This compound contains five molecules of water for each formula unit, making it a hydrated salt. When heated, Na2B4O7·5H2O loses its water content, transforming into anhydrous sodium borate. Its unique properties make it valuable in agriculture as a fertilizer and in the manufacture of fiberglass.