Myelin proteins are essential components of the myelin sheath, a protective layer that surrounds nerve fibers in the nervous system. This sheath facilitates the rapid transmission of electrical signals between nerve cells, enhancing communication throughout the body. Key myelin proteins include myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP), which play crucial roles in the formation and maintenance of myelin. The presence of myelin proteins is vital for proper nerve function. Damage to these proteins can lead to demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, where the myelin sheath is compromised, resulting in impaired signal transmission and various neurological symptoms. Understanding myelin proteins is important for developing treatments for these conditions.