Proteolipid protein (PLP) is a crucial component of the myelin sheath, which insulates nerve fibers in the central nervous system. It plays a significant role in the formation and maintenance of myelin, helping to ensure efficient transmission of electrical signals between neurons. PLP is primarily found in oligodendrocytes, the cells responsible for producing myelin. Mutations in the PLP gene can lead to various neurological disorders, including Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, a rare genetic condition that affects myelin formation. Understanding the function of proteolipid protein is essential for developing potential therapies for these myelin-related diseases.