Mycorrhizal fungi are a type of fungus that form a symbiotic relationship with the roots of most plants. This partnership enhances nutrient and water absorption for the plants while providing the fungi with carbohydrates produced through photosynthesis. There are two main types of mycorrhizal fungi: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and ectomycorrhizal fungi. AMF penetrate plant root cells, while ectomycorrhizal fungi surround the roots. This relationship is crucial for plant health and growth, contributing to soil structure and ecosystem stability.