Muzaffar al-Din Shah was the fifth ruler of the Qajar dynasty in Persia (modern-day Iran), reigning from 1896 until his death in 1907. He was born on April 26, 1850, and became king after the assassination of his father, Naser al-Din Shah. His reign was marked by significant political and social changes, including the rise of constitutionalism in Persia. During his rule, Muzaffar al-Din Shah faced increasing pressure from reformist movements and foreign powers. In 1906, he granted a constitution, leading to the establishment of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. His reign ended with his death in 1907, which led to further political instability in the region.