Mutazilism is an Islamic theological school of thought that emerged in the 8th century. It emphasizes reason and rationality in understanding faith, arguing that human intellect can discern moral truths and the nature of God. The Mu'tazila scholars believed that free will is essential for moral responsibility, rejecting the idea of predestination. The movement sought to reconcile Islamic teachings with Greek philosophy, particularly the works of Aristotle and Plato. Mutazilism also advocated for the unity and justice of God, asserting that God's actions are always just and that humans have the capacity to choose their actions.