Mutation Analysis is a software testing technique used to evaluate the quality of test cases. It involves making small changes, or mutations, to a program's code to create modified versions, known as mutants. The goal is to see if existing test cases can detect these changes, which helps identify weaknesses in the tests. If a test case fails when run against a mutant, it indicates that the test is effective. However, if the test passes, it suggests that the test may not be robust enough. This process helps improve the overall reliability of software by ensuring that tests can catch potential errors.