Murmansk is a port city located in the northwest of Russia, near the borders of Norway and Finland. It is situated on the Kola Peninsula and is known for being the largest city north of the Arctic Circle. Founded in 1916, Murmansk serves as a key naval base and a hub for fishing and shipping industries due to its ice-free harbor. The city experiences polar climate conditions, with long, cold winters and short, mild summers. Murmansk is also famous for its natural phenomena, such as the Midnight Sun in summer and the Northern Lights in winter, attracting tourists and researchers alike.