Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a networking technique that directs data from one node to another based on short path labels rather than long network addresses. This method improves the speed and efficiency of data transmission across complex networks by creating predetermined paths for data packets, reducing the time spent on routing decisions. MPLS is versatile and can support various types of network protocols, making it suitable for different applications, including Voice over IP (VoIP) and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). By optimizing the flow of data, MPLS enhances the performance and reliability of network services.