Multidrug Resistance Proteins (MRPs) are a group of transport proteins that help cells expel various drugs and toxins. They play a crucial role in protecting cells from harmful substances by pumping out compounds that could be detrimental to cell health. This mechanism is particularly important in cancer cells, where MRPs can contribute to the failure of chemotherapy by removing anticancer drugs from the cell before they can take effect. These proteins are part of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family and are found in many tissues throughout the body, including the liver and intestines. Their activity can lead to challenges in treating diseases, as increased MRP expression can result in reduced drug efficacy. Understanding MRPs is essential for developing strategies to overcome drug resistance in conditions like cancer and bacterial infections.