Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, and geographer who lived during the 9th century. He is often referred to as the "father of algebra" due to his influential work, which introduced systematic solutions for linear and quadratic equations. His book, Al-Kitab al-Mukhtasar fi Hisab al-Jabr wal-Muqabala, laid the foundation for modern algebra. In addition to his contributions to mathematics, al-Khwarizmi also made significant advancements in astronomy and geography. He produced detailed maps and improved the understanding of the Earth's dimensions. His works were translated into Latin, greatly influencing European mathematics and science during the Middle Ages.