The "Motte-and-Bailey" is a type of medieval fortification that consists of two main components: a motte, which is a raised earthwork or hill, and a bailey, which is an enclosed courtyard at the base. The motte typically features a wooden or stone keep, providing a stronghold for defense, while the bailey serves as a living area for the inhabitants and their livestock. In modern discussions, "Motte-and-Bailey" can also refer to a type of argumentation strategy. In this context, a person may present a strong, easily defensible position (the motte) but retreat to a more controversial or weaker claim (the bailey) when challenged, making it difficult for opponents to effectively counter the argument.