The "Motte and Bailey" is a type of fortification that was commonly used in medieval Europe. It consists of two main components: a motte, which is a raised earthwork or mound, and a bailey, which is an enclosed courtyard at the base of the motte. The motte typically housed a wooden or stone keep, providing a stronghold for defense. This design allowed for quick construction and effective defense against attackers. The elevated position of the motte offered a strategic advantage, while the bailey served as a space for living quarters, livestock, and other activities. Motte and bailey castles were prevalent from the 10th to the 13th centuries.