Motherboard standards refer to the specifications that define the size, shape, and layout of motherboards, ensuring compatibility with other computer components. Common standards include ATX, MicroATX, and Mini-ITX, each varying in dimensions and features. These standards help manufacturers design cases, power supplies, and other hardware that fit together seamlessly. In addition to physical dimensions, motherboard standards also dictate the placement of connectors, slots, and ports. This includes PCIe slots for graphics cards, RAM slots for memory, and I/O ports for peripherals. Adhering to these standards allows users to upgrade or replace components easily without compatibility issues.