Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union, was a major political, economic, and cultural center. Founded in the 12th century, it became the heart of the Russian Empire and later the Soviet state. The city is known for its iconic landmarks, including the Kremlin and Red Square, which symbolize its historical significance. During the Soviet era, Moscow was the center of communist power and ideology. It hosted important events, such as the October Revolution in 1917, which led to the establishment of the Soviet government. The city played a crucial role in global politics throughout the 20th century.