Mormaers were powerful noble figures in medieval Scotland, particularly during the 11th to 13th centuries. They governed large territories known as mormaerdoms, which were often equivalent to modern counties. The title of mormaer was similar to that of an earl, and these leaders played a crucial role in local governance, military leadership, and the administration of justice. The mormaers were often vassals to the Scottish king, contributing to the feudal system of the time. Their influence extended over land, resources, and the people within their domains, making them significant players in the political landscape of early Scotland.