Michel de Montaigne was a French philosopher and writer born in 1533. He is best known for developing the essay as a literary form, allowing for personal reflection and exploration of various topics. His work often focused on human nature, ethics, and the complexities of life. Montaigne's most famous collection, titled Essais, includes a wide range of subjects, from friendship to death. His writing style is characterized by a conversational tone and a willingness to question established beliefs, making him a significant figure in the Renaissance and an early influence on modern thought.