Michel de Montaigne was a French philosopher and writer born in 1533. He is best known for developing the essay as a literary form, allowing for personal reflection and exploration of various topics. His work often focused on human nature, ethics, and the complexities of life. Montaigne's most famous collection, titled Essais, includes a wide range of subjects, from friendship to death. He emphasized the importance of skepticism and open-mindedness, encouraging readers to question their beliefs and consider different perspectives. His ideas have influenced many later thinkers, including Rene Descartes and Friedrich Nietzsche.