Monobactams are a class of β-lactam antibiotics that are primarily effective against gram-negative bacteria. They work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, which ultimately leads to the death of the bacteria. The most well-known monobactam is aztreonam, which is often used to treat infections caused by specific strains of bacteria, especially in patients who are allergic to other β-lactam antibiotics. These antibiotics are typically administered intravenously or intramuscularly and are considered safe for patients with penicillin allergies. Monobactams are particularly useful in treating infections in hospital settings, where resistant strains of bacteria may be more prevalent. Their unique structure allows them to remain effective against certain bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics.