Monilinia fructigena disease, commonly known as brown rot, primarily affects stone fruits like peaches, plums, and cherries. It is caused by the fungus Monilinia fructigena, which thrives in warm, humid conditions. The disease manifests as brown, decaying spots on the fruit, leading to significant crop losses if not managed properly. Control measures include proper sanitation, removing infected fruit, and applying fungicides when necessary. Additionally, maintaining good air circulation and avoiding overhead watering can help reduce humidity around the plants, making conditions less favorable for the fungus to thrive.