Monascus purpureus is a type of mold, specifically a species of fungus, that is commonly used in traditional Asian food production. It is known for its ability to ferment rice and produce a natural red pigment, which is often used as a food coloring. This pigment is also referred to as "red yeast rice" and is valued for its potential health benefits. In addition to its culinary uses, Monascus purpureus has been studied for its medicinal properties. It contains compounds that may help lower cholesterol levels and improve heart health. As a result, it has gained popularity as a dietary supplement in various forms, including capsules and powders.