Molecular self-assembly is a process where molecules spontaneously organize into structured arrangements without external guidance. This phenomenon occurs due to specific interactions between molecules, such as hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic effects. It plays a crucial role in the formation of biological structures, like cell membranes and proteins. In materials science, molecular self-assembly is used to create nanostructures and advanced materials. Researchers can design molecules to self-assemble into desired patterns, which can lead to applications in drug delivery, sensors, and electronics. This technique is inspired by natural processes and has significant implications for technology and medicine.