Molecular compounds are substances formed when two or more nonmetal atoms bond together by sharing electrons. This sharing creates strong connections called covalent bonds. For example, in a water molecule, two hydrogen atoms bond with one oxygen atom, resulting in the chemical formula H2O. These compounds often have distinct properties, such as lower melting and boiling points compared to ionic compounds. Molecular compounds can exist in various states, including gases, liquids, or solids, depending on their structure and the strength of the bonds. Common examples include carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a gas, and sucrose (table sugar), a solid. Understanding molecular compounds helps us grasp the basics of chemistry and the interactions between different elements.