Molecular astronomy is the study of molecules in space, particularly in interstellar clouds and the atmospheres of celestial bodies. It focuses on understanding the chemical composition, structure, and behavior of these molecules, which can include simple compounds like water (H2O) and complex organic molecules. This field combines techniques from both astronomy and chemistry to analyze how these molecules form, evolve, and interact in various environments. Observations are often made using radio telescopes that detect specific wavelengths emitted by molecules, helping scientists learn about the conditions and processes occurring in space, such as star formation and the origins of life.