Mohammad Reza was the last Shah of Iran, ruling from 1941 until the 1979 Iranian Revolution. He was born on October 27, 1919, and became king after his father, Reza Shah Pahlavi, was forced to abdicate during World War II. His reign was marked by efforts to modernize and westernize Iran, including economic reforms and the promotion of education. During his rule, Mohammad Reza faced significant opposition, leading to widespread protests and political unrest. The revolution in 1979 resulted in his exile and the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran under Ayatollah Khomeini. He passed away on July 27, 1980, in Egypt.