Mohammad Ali Shah was the last ruler of the Awadh kingdom in India, reigning from 1837 to 1847. He was known for his extravagant lifestyle and efforts to modernize his court. However, his rule faced challenges, including political instability and financial difficulties. In 1856, the British East India Company annexed Awadh, leading to significant unrest. Mohammad Ali Shah was deposed and went into exile. His reign is often remembered for the cultural developments in Awadh, including advancements in art and architecture, despite the eventual decline of the kingdom.