Modules are self-contained units of learning or functionality that can be combined to create a larger system. In education, a module might cover a specific topic, allowing students to focus on one area at a time. For example, a math module could teach fractions, while a science module might explore ecosystems. In software development, modules are pieces of code that perform specific tasks. They help organize complex programs by breaking them into smaller, manageable parts. For instance, a web application might have a user authentication module and a data processing module, making it easier to maintain and update the overall system.