Modulation schemes are techniques used to encode information onto a carrier wave for transmission over various communication channels. They allow data, such as voice or video, to be sent efficiently by altering specific properties of the carrier wave, such as its amplitude, frequency, or phase. Common modulation schemes include Amplitude Modulation (AM), Frequency Modulation (FM), and Phase Shift Keying (PSK). These schemes are essential in telecommunications, enabling devices like radios, televisions, and mobile phones to communicate effectively. By selecting the appropriate modulation scheme, engineers can optimize signal quality, reduce interference, and improve data rates, ensuring reliable communication in diverse environments.