Modernity refers to a historical period characterized by significant changes in society, culture, and technology, primarily from the late 18th century to the present. It is marked by the rise of industrialization, urbanization, and the development of modern nation-states. This era has seen shifts in social structures, with an emphasis on individualism and rational thought, often associated with the Enlightenment. The concept of modernity also encompasses advancements in science and technology, leading to innovations such as the steam engine and the internet. These developments have transformed daily life, communication, and economic practices, shaping contemporary society and influencing global interactions.