Modern sculpture refers to three-dimensional artworks created from the late 19th century to the present. This art form often breaks away from traditional techniques and materials, embracing new ideas and innovative approaches. Artists like Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth explored organic shapes and abstract forms, while others, such as Marcel Duchamp, challenged the very definition of sculpture by incorporating everyday objects. Materials used in modern sculpture vary widely, including metal, wood, stone, and even found objects. Techniques can range from traditional carving and modeling to contemporary methods like welding and 3D printing. This diversity allows artists to express complex ideas and emotions, making modern sculpture a dynamic and evolving field.