Modern Japanese literature refers to literary works produced in Japan from the late 19th century to the present. This period began with the Meiji Restoration, which introduced Western influences and led to a transformation in writing styles and themes. Notable authors include Natsume Sōseki, Yasunari Kawabata, and Haruki Murakami, who explore complex human emotions and societal issues. The literature often reflects Japan's rapid modernization, cultural shifts, and historical events, such as World War II. Genres range from novels and poetry to short stories, with themes of identity, alienation, and the search for meaning being prevalent throughout the works of both classic and contemporary writers.