Modern issues encompass a range of challenges faced by societies today, including climate change, economic inequality, and social justice. Climate change refers to the long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place, leading to extreme weather events. Economic inequality highlights the gap between the wealthy and the poor, affecting access to resources and opportunities. Another significant modern issue is the impact of technology on privacy and security. With the rise of social media and big data, personal information is often collected and used without consent, raising concerns about individual privacy. Additionally, cybersecurity threats pose risks to both personal and national security, making it essential to address these challenges.