Modern International Relations focuses on the interactions between countries, organizations, and non-state actors in a globalized world. It examines issues such as diplomacy, trade, security, and human rights, influenced by factors like technology and globalization. Key theories include realism, liberalism, and constructivism, which help explain how states behave and interact. The field also addresses global challenges like climate change, terrorism, and economic inequality. Institutions such as the United Nations and World Trade Organization play crucial roles in facilitating cooperation and conflict resolution among nations. Understanding these dynamics is essential for promoting peace and stability worldwide.