Modern Indian Literature refers to literary works produced in India from the late 19th century to the present, reflecting the country's diverse cultures, languages, and social issues. It encompasses various genres, including poetry, fiction, drama, and essays, often addressing themes like identity, colonialism, and social change. Notable writers include R. K. Narayan, Kamala Das, and Salman Rushdie. This literature is characterized by its multilingual nature, with works written in languages such as Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, and English. It has gained international recognition, showcasing the rich tapestry of Indian experiences and perspectives, and continues to evolve with contemporary voices and issues.