Modern Czech thought encompasses a diverse range of philosophical, literary, and political ideas that have emerged in the Czech Republic since the late 19th century. Influenced by figures such as Tomáš Masaryk and Karel Čapek, it often reflects themes of democracy, humanism, and social justice, emphasizing the importance of individual rights and national identity. In literature, modern Czech thought is characterized by a blend of realism and existentialism, with writers like Franz Kafka and Milan Kundera exploring the complexities of human existence and the absurdities of life. This intellectual tradition continues to evolve, engaging with contemporary global issues while maintaining a distinct cultural identity.