Mithraism was a mystery religion centered around the worship of the god Mithras, which flourished in the Roman Empire from the 1st to the 4th century CE. It involved secretive rituals and was primarily practiced by men, often in underground temples called Mithraea. The religion emphasized themes of light, truth, and the struggle between good and evil. The core of Mithraism's beliefs included the celebration of a sacred meal and the initiation of new members through various grades. Followers believed that Mithras was born from a rock and had a significant role in the cosmic order, symbolizing the triumph of life over death.