Ancient Rome was a powerful civilization that began as a small settlement in the 8th century BCE and grew to dominate much of Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia. It is known for its remarkable achievements in architecture, law, and governance, with structures like the Colosseum and Pantheon showcasing their engineering skills. The Roman Republic, established in 509 BCE, later transitioned into the Roman Empire in 27 BCE, marking a significant shift in political power. The culture of Ancient Rome was heavily influenced by the Greeks, particularly in art, literature, and philosophy. Romans spoke Latin, which became the foundation for many modern languages. Religion played a vital role, with a pantheon of gods and later the rise of Christianity. The fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE marked the end of ancient Rome, but its legacy continues to shape the world today.