A miscarriage of justice occurs when a legal system fails to deliver a fair outcome, often resulting in the wrongful conviction or punishment of an innocent person. This can happen due to various factors, including errors in evidence, witness misidentification, or inadequate legal representation. Such injustices can have severe consequences, affecting not only the individuals involved but also public trust in the legal system. Organizations like the Innocence Project work to identify and rectify these errors, helping to exonerate those wrongfully convicted and advocating for reforms to prevent future miscarriages of justice.