A migraine is a type of headache characterized by intense, throbbing pain, often on one side of the head. It can be accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Migraines can last from a few hours to several days and may occur frequently or infrequently. The exact cause of migraines is not fully understood, but they are believed to involve changes in brain activity and blood flow. Triggers can include stress, certain foods, hormonal changes, and environmental factors. Treatment options range from over-the-counter pain relievers to prescription medications and lifestyle changes.