Middle school typically includes grades 6 through 8, serving as a transition between elementary and high school. Students usually range from ages 11 to 14 and experience a more departmentalized structure, where they switch classes for different subjects like math, science, and language arts. High school generally encompasses grades 9 through 12, catering to students aged 14 to 18. It focuses on preparing students for college or careers, offering a wider variety of courses, including electives and advanced placement options. Students often participate in extracurricular activities such as sports and clubs to enhance their social and academic experiences.